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NEW DELHI: Former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was born on October 15, 1931 and raised in Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu. He studied aerospace engineering at the Madras Institute of Technology after which he joined the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
He was an aerospace scientist who also served as the 11th President of India (from 2002 to 2007) and was widely regarded as the ‘People’s President‘. He contributed immensely to the development of the country both as a scientist and as a president.
He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1981, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and Bharat Ratna in 1997 for his work in science and politics.
On his birth anniversary, let’s take a look at his 10 big achievements:
India’s first indigenous hovercraft
As a young scientist in DRDO, Kalam was assigned his first project to design and develop a hovercraft for the country’s defense applications. After several days of hard-work, he and his team were successful in developing India’s first indigenous hovercraft which was named Nandi, the impressive white bull who acts as the vehicle of the Hindu deity Lord Shiva.
India’s First Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)
Dr Kalam put in over 10-year-long hard work as the project director for the development of the indigenous SLV at Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the ISRO where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980, making India a member of the exclusive space club.
Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful. In the 1970s he also directed two projects which developed the ballistic missiles from the technology of the SLV programme.
INCOSPAR committee
Kalam was part of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. The committee took over the responsibilities of the Department of Atomic Energy in space science and research.
INCOSPAR took the decision to set up Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) at Thumba on the southern tip of India.
Missile Man
Kalam re-joined the DRDO as director in 1982. There he implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. Due to this missile program, he earned the nickname “Missile Man.”
Ballistic missiles project
After 1983, DRDO developed several missiles under the leadership of Dr Kalam. The projects Devil and Valiant headed by Kalam aimed at developing ballistic missiles using the technology behind the successful SLV program. Under the Kalam Mission, he successfully led the development of Agni and Prithvi, the indigenous guided missiles.
Chief scientific adviser
In 1992, he was appointed as the Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister. With the rank of a cabinet minister, in 1999, he was appointed as the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. He served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and as the Chief Project Coordinator of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
Nuclear Tests in Pokhran
As Secretary of the DRDO from July 1992 to December 1999, Kalam played a major role in heading the Pokhran-II nuclear testing, leading to him being known as the best nuclear scientist of the country at that time. The nuclear testing under his supervision made India a nuclear-armed state.
The Pokhran-II tests, a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions, were conducted at the Indian Army’s Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. Kalam played an intensive political and technological role in their success.
Kalam-Raju Stent (Universal Healthcare Plan)
Kalam made huge contributions to the healthcare sector. Working jointly with cardiologist Soma Raju, the late President developed a cost-effective coronary stent ‘Kalam-Raju Stent’ which helped in making healthcare accessible to all.
Kalam-Raju Tablet
The duo of Kalam and Soma Raju in 2012 designed a rugged tablet computer for better health care administration in the rural and less reachable areas. They termed it the ‘Kalam-Raju tablet.’
While the Kalam-Raju stent created waves for its affordability, the Kalam-Raju tablet was aimed at arming healthcare workers at the primary level like doctors, Anganwadi workers, ‘aayas’ and first responders to an emergency with a ‘rugged’ tablet capable of performing a host of medical processes at the rural level.
Medals and honours
In 2007, he was honoured with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, UK, and Doctorate of Science from the University of Wolverhampton, UK. In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA and received a Doctor of Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
He was an aerospace scientist who also served as the 11th President of India (from 2002 to 2007) and was widely regarded as the ‘People’s President‘. He contributed immensely to the development of the country both as a scientist and as a president.
He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1981, Padma Vibhushan in 1990 and Bharat Ratna in 1997 for his work in science and politics.
On his birth anniversary, let’s take a look at his 10 big achievements:
India’s first indigenous hovercraft
As a young scientist in DRDO, Kalam was assigned his first project to design and develop a hovercraft for the country’s defense applications. After several days of hard-work, he and his team were successful in developing India’s first indigenous hovercraft which was named Nandi, the impressive white bull who acts as the vehicle of the Hindu deity Lord Shiva.
India’s First Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV)
Dr Kalam put in over 10-year-long hard work as the project director for the development of the indigenous SLV at Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the ISRO where he was the project director of India’s first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July 1980, making India a member of the exclusive space club.
Between the 1970s and 1990s, Kalam made an effort to develop the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful. In the 1970s he also directed two projects which developed the ballistic missiles from the technology of the SLV programme.
INCOSPAR committee
Kalam was part of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. The committee took over the responsibilities of the Department of Atomic Energy in space science and research.
INCOSPAR took the decision to set up Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) at Thumba on the southern tip of India.
Missile Man
Kalam re-joined the DRDO as director in 1982. There he implemented the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. Due to this missile program, he earned the nickname “Missile Man.”
Ballistic missiles project
After 1983, DRDO developed several missiles under the leadership of Dr Kalam. The projects Devil and Valiant headed by Kalam aimed at developing ballistic missiles using the technology behind the successful SLV program. Under the Kalam Mission, he successfully led the development of Agni and Prithvi, the indigenous guided missiles.
Chief scientific adviser
In 1992, he was appointed as the Scientific Adviser to the Defence Minister. With the rank of a cabinet minister, in 1999, he was appointed as the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India. He served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and as the Chief Project Coordinator of the Pokhran-II nuclear tests.
Nuclear Tests in Pokhran
As Secretary of the DRDO from July 1992 to December 1999, Kalam played a major role in heading the Pokhran-II nuclear testing, leading to him being known as the best nuclear scientist of the country at that time. The nuclear testing under his supervision made India a nuclear-armed state.
The Pokhran-II tests, a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions, were conducted at the Indian Army’s Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. Kalam played an intensive political and technological role in their success.
Kalam-Raju Stent (Universal Healthcare Plan)
Kalam made huge contributions to the healthcare sector. Working jointly with cardiologist Soma Raju, the late President developed a cost-effective coronary stent ‘Kalam-Raju Stent’ which helped in making healthcare accessible to all.
Kalam-Raju Tablet
The duo of Kalam and Soma Raju in 2012 designed a rugged tablet computer for better health care administration in the rural and less reachable areas. They termed it the ‘Kalam-Raju tablet.’
While the Kalam-Raju stent created waves for its affordability, the Kalam-Raju tablet was aimed at arming healthcare workers at the primary level like doctors, Anganwadi workers, ‘aayas’ and first responders to an emergency with a ‘rugged’ tablet capable of performing a host of medical processes at the rural level.
Medals and honours
In 2007, he was honoured with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, UK, and Doctorate of Science from the University of Wolverhampton, UK. In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA and received a Doctor of Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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