In 2022, Sri Lanka witnessed unprecedented mass protests as citizens took to the streets, driven by severe economic hardships and widespread discontent with the government’s management. These demonstrations, collectively known as the “Aragalaya” (meaning “struggle” in Sinhala), marked a significant chapter in the nation’s history, reflecting deep-seated frustrations and a demand for systemic change.

Economic Mismanagement and Crisis

The roots of the protests lay in the government’s economic mismanagement, which led to a severe crisis characterized by shortages of essential goods, fuel, and prolonged power cuts. Inflation soared, making the cost of living unaffordable for many. By early 2022, food prices had increased by up to 30% compared to the previous year, forcing some individuals to reduce their daily meals. Fuel shortages resulted in long queues at petrol stations, and public transport services were disrupted, with commuters facing significant delays.

Authoritarianism, Corruption, and Nepotism

Beyond economic grievances, protesters decried the authoritarian tendencies, corruption, and nepotism associated with the ruling Rajapaksa family. The concentration of power within the family and allegations of corruption eroded public trust, prompting calls for their resignation and demands for a new constitution to ensure better governance.

Government Response and Public Backlash

In response to the escalating protests, the government declared a state of emergency, imposed curfews, and restricted access to social media platforms in attempts to quell dissent. These measures were perceived as suppressing basic human rights, further galvanizing public opposition. The Human Rights Commission of Sri Lanka condemned the government’s actions, emphasizing the need to respect citizens’ rights to peaceful protest.

Resignations and Political Turmoil

The sustained protests led to significant political upheaval. In May 2022, Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa resigned amid escalating violence and public pressure. Subsequently, President Gotabaya Rajapaksa fled the country and resigned in July 2022, marking a historic moment as citizens occupied key government buildings, including the presidential palace. Ranil Wickremesinghe was appointed as the new president, a move that was met with skepticism due to his association with the previous regime.

Continued Calls for Systemic Change

Despite the change in leadership, many Sri Lankans continued to demand systemic reforms. The new government’s ties to former leaders and the implementation of unpopular economic policies, such as tax cuts and debt restructuring programs, fueled ongoing discontent. Protesters and activists called for a reduction in presidential powers and greater accountability, emphasizing the need for a political system that addresses the root causes of economic and political instability.

Conclusion

The 2022 protests in Sri Lanka were a manifestation of deep-seated economic and political grievances. While they led to significant political changes, including the resignation of key leaders, the underlying issues of economic mismanagement, corruption, and demands for systemic reform persisted. As Sri Lanka prepared for subsequent elections, the legacy of the protests continued to influence the nation’s political landscape, with citizens remaining vigilant and engaged in the pursuit of meaningful change.