Vertical Multistage Centrifugal Pump Working Principle

A Vertical Multistage Centrifugal Pump is a type of centrifugal pump that consists of multiple impellers arranged in a vertical shaft to generate high pressure. This type of pump is commonly used in applications where high head and pressure are required, such as water supply, high-rise building pressure boosting, boiler feed, and industrial applications.

Working Principle

1. Fluid Intake (Suction Stage)
   • The liquid enters the pump through the suction port at the bottom.
   • The pump impeller imparts kinetic energy to the fluid, increasing its velocity.
2. Impeller and Diffuser Action
   • The pump consists of multiple impellers mounted on a common shaft, each accompanied by a diffuser or guide vane to convert velocity energy into pressure energy.
   • As the liquid moves from one impeller to the next, the pressure increases progressively.
3. Multiple Stages for Pressure Boosting
   • Each stage in the pump consists of an impeller and diffuser.
   • The liquid is passed from one stage to the next in series, resulting in an incremental rise in pressure.
   • The number of stages determines the total discharge pressure.
4. Flow Direction and Stage Arrangement
   • The flow of liquid is directed axially and moves upward through successive stages.
   • The shaft is supported by bearings to ensure smooth rotation.
5. Discharge Stage
   • After passing through all the stages, the high-pressure liquid exits through the discharge port at the top.
   • The final pressure depends on the number of stages and the impeller design.

Key Features

• High Efficiency: Multiple impellers increase pressure efficiently.
• Compact Design: Vertical alignment saves space.
• Stable Operation: Bearings and shaft support ensure smooth functioning.
• Suitable for High-Pressure Applications: Can handle high head requirements.

Applications

• Water supply and distribution
• Boiler feed water systems
• High-rise building pressure boosting
• Industrial process water
• Reverse osmosis and filtration systems

This makes the vertical multistage centrifugal pump ideal for applications requiring high pressure with moderate flow rates in a compact design.